Three Cautionary Tales of Bankruptcy, Succession, and Survival in American Dance

In the early 90s, three American dance companies - American Ballet Theatre, the Joffrey Ballet, and Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater - were on the verge of collapse. All had accumulated deficits in excess of $1 million, periodic staff layoffs had grown routine, and touring/rehearsal schedules were cut back or cancelled altogether. Yet in spite of these setbacks, by the close of the decade, each was able to turn its fortunes around and now thrives once again. What were the key strategies used by these institutions to restore fiscal stability and retain their prominence in the world of dance?